![]() The back and forth vibration of the string causes individual air molecules (or a layer of air molecules) in the region immediately to the right of the string to continually vibrate back and forth horizontally. The lower pressure to the right of the string causes air molecules in that region immediately to the right of the string to expand into a large region of space. ![]() As the vibrating string moves in the reverse direction (leftward), it lowers the pressure of the air immediately to its right, thus causing air molecules to move back leftward. ![]() This causes the air molecules to the right of the string to be compressed into a small region of space. As the vibrating string moves in the forward direction, it begins to push upon surrounding air molecules, moving them to the right towards their nearest neighbor. How are the longitudinal sound waves produced? A vibrating string can create longitudinal waves as depicted in the animation below. Longitudinal waves are waves in which the motion of the individual particles of the medium is in a direction that is parallel to the direction of energy transport. When sound wave travels through air, the vibrations of the particles are best described as longitudinal. The generation and propagation of a sound wave is demonstrated in the animation below. What is sound wave? Sound wave is a disturbance that is transported through a medium (air, water, steel, etc.) via the mechanism of particle-to-particle interaction, a sound wave is characterized as a mechanical wave.
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